Overview of Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers, causing demyelination and axonal damage. MS is the most common cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults.
Important for traveling patients: If you are currently experiencing an MS relapse, please manage the acute episode at home first (high-dose methylprednisolone). Eber Medical Group recommends traveling during remission for the comprehensive rehabilitation and disease-modifying treatment program.
Treatment Phase 1: Acute Relapse Management
When a relapse occurs, the goal is rapid suppression of CNS inflammation:
First-line: High-Dose Corticosteroids (Pulse Therapy)
IV methylprednisolone at high dose, 3–5 day course. Rapidly suppresses immune activity, reduces inflammation and nerve edema. Standard international protocol used worldwide.
Adjunct: Immunoadsorption (IA)
Immunoadsorption is an advanced plasmapheresis technology that selectively removes pathogenic autoantibodies, immune complexes, and other harmful substances from blood — acting like a "magnet" targeting only disease-causing molecules while preserving beneficial plasma proteins.
- Course: 5 days, once daily
- Key indication: severe MS relapses resistant/intolerant to high-dose steroids; particularly effective for NMOSD (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder) where anti-AQP4 antibodies are the main pathogenic driver
- Also used in: acute MOG-antibody related disease
Double Filtration Plasmapheresis (DFPP)
DFPP is an advanced form of plasmapheresis using two-stage filtration for more precise removal of pathogenic antibodies.
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Mechanism | Two-stage blood filtration — more selective antibody removal than standard plasmapheresis |
| Course | 3–5 procedures every other day |
| Advantages | More selective; preserves useful proteins; lower risk of allergic reactions; no/minimal donor plasma required |
| Indications | Severe MS relapse; NMOSD acute attacks; steroid-refractory cases |
Treatment Phase 2: Disease-Modifying Therapy (DMT) During Remission
| DMT Category | Agents | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Injectable | Interferon-β (Betaferon, Rebif); Glatiramer acetate | Immune modulation; reduces relapse rate; established safety profile |
| Oral | Teriflunomide, Fingolimod/Siponimod, Cladribine | Lymphocyte suppression / CNS entry blockade / lymphocyte depletion |
| Monoclonal Antibodies | Anti-CD20 (ocrelizumab); Natalizumab (JC-neg); Alemtuzumab | B-cell depletion; CNS infiltration blockade; T/B cell depletion (high efficacy, monitored use) |
Phase 3: Rehabilitation Program (30 Days — 160,000–180,000 CNY)
The comprehensive 30-day inpatient rehabilitation program integrates Western rehabilitation with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM):
Western Rehabilitation Methods
- Physiotherapy (PT): Gait improvement, balance, muscle strength, endurance
- Occupational Therapy (OT): ADL adaptation, work reintegration, independence
- Speech & Language Therapy: Dysarthria, dysphagia correction
- rTMS: Reduces fatigue, improves cognitive function, reduces depression
- tDCS: Transcranial direct current stimulation — corrects cognitive deficits, reduces fatigue
- Temporal Interference (TI) Stimulation: Non-invasive deep brain stimulation targeting thalamus — neuroprotection, remyelination activation, motor coordination improvement
TCM Rehabilitation Methods
- Scalp acupuncture: Increases cerebral blood flow, activates cortical neurons, improves motor control
- Upper limb acupuncture: Restores muscle/nerve function, reduces spasticity
- Back meridian acupuncture: Unblocks Du channel, regulates Yang, influences spinal cord
- Lower limb acupuncture: Improves leg function, circulation, muscle strength
- Moxa therapy: Warming-penetrating action — regulates immunity, improves nerve function
- Tuina (therapeutic massage): Reduces symptoms, improves comfort and quality of life
- Auricular therapy: Regulates organ/system function via ear reflex points
Lifestyle Modifications
- Vitamin D supplementation (low vitamin D linked to higher MS activity)
- Smoking cessation (proven risk factor for MS worsening)
- Balanced diet and regular physical activity
- Stress management and sleep optimization
MS Treatment Cost Summary
| Program | Duration | Cost (CNY) |
|---|---|---|
| Acute treatment (pulse therapy, DFPP, immunoadsorption) | 10–15 days | By indication |
| Comprehensive 30-day rehabilitation | 30 days | 160,000–180,000 |